2024-03-28T09:47:17Zhttps://www.tdx.cat/oai/requestoai:www.tdx.cat:10803/3927072017-09-19T06:00:08Zcom_10803_183col_10803_329009
nam a 5i 4500
Energía solar
Tejido urbano
Herramientas de simulación digital
Modelos morfológicos en tres dimensiones
Solar energy
Urban fabric
Digital simulation tools
Morphological 3D models
El acceso solar a la escala del tejido urbano : el enfoque morfológico y el método de análisis comparativo aplicados al caso de Barcelona
[Barcelona] :
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya,
2016
Accés lliure
http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392707
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Curreli, Alessandra,
autor
1 recurs en línia (335 pàgines)
Tesi
Doctorat
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Tecnologia de l'Arquitectura
2016
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Tecnologia de l'Arquitectura
Tesis i dissertacions electròniques
Coch Roura, Helena,
supervisor acadèmic
TDX
The relationship between the environmental dysfunctions of the planet and the uncontrolled sprawl of the contemporary cities is world-wide recognized and has been studied by different points of view.
Research identifies the urgency to replace the fossil fuel exploitation with a model of consumption based on renewable energies. The solar radiation is considered the main natural source, due to its large availability and its high efficiency.
The cities have a huge impact on environmental issues, both in terms of energy demand and contamination. Therefore, the development of effective strategies has a top priority in this sector. Defining a different approach and new guidelines for urban planning is definitively required, in order to improve the possibilities of solar energy use.
This thesis is framed in the research field regarding solar analysis at the scale of the city. The main purpose is to demonstrate the influence of the actual morphological features on the solar performance of a urban fabric. By this approach, it aims to foster the implementation of concrete actions, related to the urban design, for improving the energy efficiency.
The introduction (Chapter 1) explains the reasons that lead to the definition of the thematic frame and of the general approach. The evolution of the city during the last two centuries (Chapter 2) shows how urban debate mainly focused on physical density, while less attention has been paid to the spatial properties of the built environment. The formal organization of the urban fabric is, instead, can really affect the quality and the efficiency of a settlement (Chapter 3).
Actually, if the historical urban transformations are analysed, it is observed that the configuration of the settlements has been always related to the supply of the energetic sources. With a similar approach, it seems possible to design contemporary cities according to the opportunities for solar exploitation.
The Chapter 4 summarizes the main studies regarding the solar access at urban scale. This review allows to identify two crucial topics: on the one hand, the tendency to deal with abstract or typological models of the urban fabric; on the other hand, the lack of tools for solar analysis which are suitable to be integrated into the design procedure.
The experimental part consists in studying and comparing four study cases of similar building intensity identified in the urban area of Barcelona. The solar analysis is carried out by means of a digital simulation process applied to some 3D geometrical models which reproduce the morphological specificities of the selected urban fabrics (Chapter 5).
The data proceeding from the solar simulation are discussed and compared in Chapter 6, considering the three main components of the urban envelope: the roofs, the façades and the roads grid. For each element, the solar potential is analysed in terms of energy collection and the effective possibilities to use the solar gains are assessed. Finally, a global evaluation of the four examples is provided and some specific actions to improve the solar capability are proposed for each case.
On the whole, the results show that the real morphology of the urban fabric significantly affect its final solar performance and highlight the need to consider the specificities of the spatial structure in its three dimensions. Furthermore, the introduction of some irregular elements in a homogeneous network could also be studied as a possible design solution, aimed at optimizing the solar access.
The definition of some indicators of solar use potential demonstrates how the radiation data could be effectively converted in operative tools for urban design. This kind of indexes are also useful to provide a measure of the energy efficiency of a specific urban plot.
Final conclusions underline the need of emphasize morphological approach in solar studies and of enhance the development of simple operational methods to be used by architects during the design process
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